Synergistic effect of synthetic conjugated linoleic acid & non fat milk on fat deposition & lipid metabolism in mice.

Background & objectives: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduces fat deposition in the body, but the mechanism of action is not clear. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of CLA on body fat metabolism. Since milk fat is the best natural source of dietary CLA, intervention of non-fat milk constituents on CLA treatment was also investigated. Methods: Diets containing CLA (1%) with or without skim milk powder (SMP) was fed to male Swiss albino mice for 60 days. Adipose depots weight, faecal fat and the activities of selected enzymes of lipid metabolism were determined. Results: The mice on CLA and CLA+SMP diets gained weight similar to those on control diet, despite higher feed intake in the former two groups. Total fat pad mass was significantly (P<0.05) less in CLA group than in control group, and inclusion of SMP in the diet enhanced the fat reducing effect of CLA. Adiposity index was also less on CLA and CLA+SMP diets than on control diet, and CLA+SMP was more efficacious in reducing adiposity index. The weight of liver and spleen was increased by CLA, and this effect was eliminated by inclusion of SMP in the diet. The fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity in liver and retroperitoneal adipose tissue decreased substantially on CLA and CLA+SMP diets compared to that on control diet. Interpretation & conclusions: Our preliminary data show that dietary CLA reduces body fat mass by decreasing fatty acid biosynthesis, and the effect is enhanced by inclusion of SMP in the diet.

effect of conjugated linoleic acids, vitamin E and their combination on lipid peroxidation in active rheumatoid arthritis

Reactive oxygen species [ROS] have important role in the etiology and pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis [RA]. We investigated the effect of conjugated linoleic acids [CLAs] and vitamin E on lipid peroxidation. In a randomized, double-blind placebo, controlled, clinical trial 87 patients with active RA were enrolled. They were divided into 4 groups, received one of the following daily supplement for 3 months; 1- group C: 2.5 gr CLA, that contained 2 gr 50:50 mix of cis 9-trans 11 and trans 10-cis 12 CLAs, 2- group E: 400mg Vitamin E, 3-group CE: CLAs plus vitamin E, 4-group P: placebo. After supplementation Glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px] level increased in C, E and CE groups, CE group had lower GSH-Px than P group [P

Anti-obesity activity of diglyceride containing conjugated linoleic acid in C57BL/6J ob/ob mice

This study was to investigate the anti-obesity effects of diglyceride (DG)-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) containing 22% CLA as fatty acids in C57BL/6J ob/ob male mice. There were four experimental groups including vehicle control, DG, CLA, and DG-CLA. The test solutions of 750 mg/kg dose were orally administered to the mice everyday for 5 weeks. CLA treatments significantly decreased mean body weight in the obese mice throughout the experimental period compared to the control (p < 0.01). All test solutions significantly decreased the levels of triglyceride, glucose and free fatty acids in the serum compared with control (p < 0.05). The levels of total cholesterol were also significantly reduced in DG and DG-CLA groups compared with the control group (p < 0.05). CLA significantly decreased weights of renal and epididymal fats compared with the control (p < 0.05). DG and DG-CLA also significantly decreased the epididymal fat weights compared with the control (p < 0.05). A remarkable decrease in the number of lipid droplets and fat globules was observed in the livers of mice treated with DG, CLA, and DG-CLA compared to control. Treatments of DG and CLA actually increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. These results suggest that DG-CLA containing 22% CLA have a respectable anti-obesity effect by controlling serum lipids and fat metabolism.

Manipulation of the fatty acids composition of poultry meat and giblets by dietary inclusion of two oil sources and conjugated linoleic acid / Mudança na composição de ácidos graxos das vísceras e da carne de aves tratadas com uma dieta contendo ácido linoléico conjugado e duas fontes de óleo

The effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in association with two vegetable oil sources on the fatty acids of meat and giblets of broiler chickens was evaluated. Two hundred 21-day-old broiler chickens were distributed in a completely randomized factorial design 2 x 5 (two oil sources, soybean or canola oil; and five levels of CLA, 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0g/kg). The addition of CLA to the diet resulted in an increase (P<0.05) in CLA deposition in the analyzed tissues. CLA supplementation also reduced (P<0.05) the rate of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids in thigh, breast, heart, and gizzard. There was interaction of CLA x oil source (P<0.05). The intake of soybean oil, associated with increasing CLA, resulted in an increase in lipid deposition in edible portions as observed by an increase in the overall content of fatty acids, including CLA, while the use of canola oil, associated with increasing CLA in the diet, resulted in a decrease in lipid content in edible portions, specifically regarding that of saturated fat (P<0.05) in breast meat and liver and in the content of monounsaturated fatty acids (P<0.05) in thigh, breast, liver, and gizzard.

Avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação de ácido linoléico conjugado (CLA) associado com duas fontes de óleo na dieta de frangos de corte sobre a composição de ácidos graxos das vísceras e da carne de aves. Duzentos frangos de corte, machos, com 21 dias de idade, foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial 2 x 5 (duas fontes de óleo, soja e canola e cinco níveis de CLA, 0,0, 2,5, 5,0, 7,5 e 10,0g/kg). A adição de CLA na dieta resultou em aumento (P<0,05) de sua deposição na carne e nas vísceras de aves. Foi observado decréscimo (P<0,05) na taxa de poliinsaturados:saturados nas carnes da coxa e do peito, no coração e na moela com a suplementação de CLA. Houve interação (P<0,05) CLA x fonte de óleo. O uso de teores crescentes de CLA na dieta contendo óleo de soja na dieta resultou em aumento (P<0,05) no conteúdo lipídico. O contrário foi verificado com a utilização de óleo de canola, especificamente no conteúdo de ácidos graxos saturados (P<0,05) na carne do peito e no fígado e de monoinsaturados (P<0,05) nas carnes do peito e da coxa, fígado e moela.

Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation modified the body composition and serum leptin levels in weaning rats

Dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) may reduce body fat mass and increase lean body mass in various species. The objective of this study was to study the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on body composition, serum leptin and triacylglycerol levels in Wistar rats. Rats received linoleic acid (group C) or conjugated linoleic acid (group AE, supplemented with AdvantEdge® CLA, and group CO, supplemented with CLA One®) in the concentrations of 2% of daily feed consumption. Serum leptin and triacylglycerol levels of rats were measured by means of commercial kits. After 42 days of supplementation, rats in the control group exhibited body fat contents of 53.94 ± 6.80 g, and those in groups AE and CO had 45.43 ± 4.86 g and 43.75 ± 1.93 g, respectively, corresponding to a mean body fat reduction of 18%. Water, whole body protein and ash contents of rats supplemented with CLA were statistically higher relative to control group content (corresponding to a mean increasing of 7.65%; 6.5% and 12.35%, respectively). Experimental groups AE and CO, which received CLA supplementation, had statistically lower serum leptin levels (3.45 ± 0.46 ng/mL and 3.08 ± 0.19 ng/mL, respectively) relative to the control group (4.21 ± 0.22 ng/mL) which received linoleic acid. Triacylglycerol levels did not change after CLA supplementation (p > 0.05). Supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid in the concentration of 2% of mean daily feed consumption was able to change body composition of rats after 42 days of experimentation.

La suplementación con ácido linoléico conjugado modificó la composición corporal y los niveles séricos de leptina en ratas recién destetadas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar los efectos del suplemento con ácido linoléico conjugado (CLA) sobre la composición corporal, leptina en suero y niveles de triacilglicerol en ratas Wistar. Las ratas recibieron ácido linoléico (grupo C) o ácido linoléico conjugado (grupo AE, suplementado con AdvantEdge® CLA, y grupo CO, suplementado con CLA One®) en una concentración de 2% del consumo diario de alimentación. Los niveles de leptina en suero y triacilglicerol de las ratas fue medido por medio de kits comerciales. Después de 42 días de suplementación, las ratas del grupo de control exhibieron contenidos de grasa corporal de 53.94 ± 6.80 g, y los de los grupos AE y CO tuvieron 45.43 ± 4.86 g y 43.75 ± 1.93 g, respectivamente, lo que corresponde a una reducción media de la grasa corporal del 18%. El agua, la proteína corporal total y el contenido de cenizas de las ratas suplementadas con CLA fueron estadísticamente superiores en relación al contenido del grupo control (lo que corresponde a un aumento medio de 7.65%; 6.5% y 12.35%, respectivamente). Los grupos experimentales AE y CO, que recibieron suplementación con CLA, tuvieron niveles de leptina en suero estadísticamente menores (3.45 ± 0.46 ng/mL y 3.08 ± 0.19 ng/mL, respectivamente) en relación al grupo control (4.21 ± 0.22 ng/mL) que recibió ácido linoléico. Los niveles de triacilglicerol no cambiaron después del suplemento con CLA (p > 0,05). La suplementación con ácido linoléico conjugado en una concentración de 2% del promedio del consumo diario de alimento fue capaz de cambiar la composición corporal de las ratas después de 42 días de experimentación.

Effects of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid on gene expression and lipid metabolism of adipose tissue of growing pigs

The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in adipose tissue explant cultures of growing pigs on the following responses: lipogenesis (measured as rate of 14C-labeled glucose incorporation over a subsequent 2-h incubation in the presence or absence of insulin), lipolysis (release of non-esterified fatty acid over a 2-h incubation in the presence or absence of isoproterenol), activities of lipogenic enzymes, and mRNA abundance of fatty acid synthase (FAS). Adipose tissue explants from nine growing pigs (78 ± 3 kg) were cultured in 199 medium with insulin, dexamethasone and antibiotics for 4, 12, 24, and 48 h. The treatments were 1) control: 100 μM polyvinyl alcohol (PVA); 2) pGH: 100 ng/mL porcine growth hormone (pGH) plus 100 μM PVA; 3) CLA200: 200 μM trans-10, cis-12 CLA; 4) CLA50: 50 μM trans-10, cis-12 CLA, and 5) LA: 200 μM linoleic acid. Fatty acids were added along with PVA (2:1), respectively, for 24 h. Explants were collected after each culture period and assayed for lipogenesis. Transcripts of FAS mRNA were quantified by real-time RT-PCR after 24 and 48 h. Lipolysis and activities of FAS, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and NADP-malate dehydrogenase were determined after 48 h. As expected, glucose incorporation was decreased (P < 0.05) in response to pGH treatment (positive control). LA had no effect on any parameter evaluated. Treatment with trans-10, cis-12 CLA decreased FAS activity (P < 0.05), but NADPH-generating enzymes were unaffected by treatments. Consistent with reduction in FAS activity, both lipid synthesis and FAS mRNA abundance were reduced with chronic CLA treatment, pGH increased baseline and stimulated lipolysis (P < 0.05) after 48 h of culture, while CLA treatment had no effect on non-esterified fatty acid release. Results of this study showed that trans-10, cis-12 CLA alters lipogenesis but has no effect on lipolysis...